arXiv:cond-mat/0012334cond-mat
Quantum Algorithms for Fermionic Simulations
Early discovery. Linked by one identifiable commenter. This paper is outside the main ranking; a mention is not an endorsement.
Abstract
We investigate the simulation of fermionic systems on a quantum computer. We show in detail how quantum computers avoid the dynamical sign problem present in classical simulations of these systems, therefore reducing a problem believed to be of exponential complexity into one of polynomial complexity. The key to our demonstration is the spin-particle connection (or generalized Jordan-Wigner transformation) that allows exact algebraic invertible mappings of operators with different statistical properties. We give an explicit implementation of a simple problem using a quantum computer based on standard qubits.
Maybe you mean subexponential time? Which is not much of an improvement. This is a question which I would like someone like Scott Aaronson to answer. The sign problem is NP-hard[1]. So it's not currently believed that quantum computers can actually help with the sign problem…
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