An explanation for dark matter and dark energy consistent with the Standard Model of particle physics and General Relativity

Abstract

Analyses of internal galaxy and cluster dynamics typically employ Newton's law of gravity, which neglects the field self-interaction effects of General Relativity. This may be why dark matter seems necessary. The Universe evolution, on the other hand, is treated with the full theory, General Relativity. However, the approximations of isotropy and homogeneity, normally used to derive and solve the Universe evolution equations, effectively suppress General Relativity's field self-interaction effects and this may introduce the need for dark energy. Calculations have shown that field self-interaction increases the binding of matter inside massive systems, which may account for galaxy and cluster dynamics without invoking dark matter. In turn, energy conservation dictates that the increased binding must be balanced by an effectively decreased gravitational interaction outside the massive system. In this article, such suppression is estimated and its consequence for the Universe's evolution is discussed. Observations are reproduced without need for dark energy.