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arXiv:2507.09089cs.AI

Measuring the Impact of Early-2025 AI on Experienced Open-Source Developer Productivity

Joel Becker, Nate Rush, Elizabeth Barnes, David Rein

Abstract

Despite widespread adoption, the impact of AI tools on software development in the wild remains understudied. We conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to understand how AI tools at the February-June 2025 frontier affect the productivity of experienced open-source developers. 16 developers with moderate AI experience complete 246 tasks in mature projects on which they have an average of 5 years of prior experience. Each task is randomly assigned to allow or disallow usage of early 2025 AI tools. When AI tools are allowed, developers primarily use Cursor Pro, a popular code editor, and Claude 3.5/3.7 Sonnet. Before starting tasks, developers forecast that allowing AI will reduce completion time by 24%. After completing the study, developers estimate that allowing AI reduced completion time by 20%. Surprisingly, we find that allowing AI actually increases completion time by 19%--AI tooling slowed developers down. This slowdown also contradicts predictions from experts in economics (39% shorter) and ML (38% shorter). To understand this result, we collect and evaluate evidence for 20 properties of our setting that a priori could contribute to the observed slowdown effect--for example, the size and quality standards of projects, or prior developer experience with AI tooling. Although the influence of experimental artifacts cannot be entirely ruled out, the robustness of the slowdown effect across our analyses suggests it is unlikely to primarily be a function of our experimental design.

arXiv comments
51 pages, 8 tables, 22 figures
Journal reference
DOI
Subjects
cs.AIArtificial Intelligence cs.HCHuman-Computer Interaction cs.SESoftware Engineering

On Hacker News

Linked by 27 identifiable commenters in 29 comments across 26 threads, from Jul 2025 to Oct 2026. Found in 4 HN submissions from Jul 2025 to Dec 2025. Open submission discussions.

Comments linking this paper, per year.

Discussed in comments26 threads

    • you arent kidding! >"think AI makes you super hacker? think again: https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09089" not that im particularly pro-ai, but it seems a bit silly to rely on a paper about early-2025 ai when people are using late-2026 ai, given how different they are.

      john_strinlaiView on HNParent context

    • > think for yourself. AI will only ruin your mind and deskill you. here are some articles: > think AI makes you super hacker? think again: https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09089 ["Measuring the Impact of Early-2025 AI on Experienced Open-Source Developer Productivity"] >…

      LoquebanturView on HNParent context

    • A double-difference comparison between GitHub projects that have adopted Cursor and paired projects that have not: https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.04427 https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09089

      ghboo0927View on HNParent context

    • The idea that AI will replace programmers has been around since the emergence of AI. I do not know what the future holds. But I know that using in AI in software engineering reduces productivity by almost 20%. My point is, one tries to distinguish fact from opinion. Source…

      MiladyshadyView on HNParent context

    • Those are some high profile (celebrity) developers. I wonder if they have measured their results? I believe that the perceived speed up of AI coding is often different from reality. The following paper backs this idea https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09089 . Can you provide data that…

      trashbView on HNParent context

    • https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09089 “Before starting tasks, developers forecast that allowing AI will reduce completion time by 24%. After completing the study, developers estimate that allowing AI reduced completion time by 20%. Surprisingly, we find that allowing AI actually…

      sockopenView on HNParent context

    • The METR study referenced (but not linked) in that paragraph has a breakdown of time spent https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.09089 in figure 19 on page 33 which contradicts the description in the Register article. Open-source developers participating in the study who were randomly…

      yorwbaView on HNParent context

    • It "obviously" does based on what, exactly? For most devs (and it appears you, based on your comments) the answer is "their own subjective impressions", but that METR study (https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.09089) should have completely killed any illusions that that is a reliable…

      lunar_mycroftView on HNParent context

  1. Google Antigravity 1 comment
    • For seasoned maintainers of open source repos, there is explicit evidence it does slow them down, even when they think it sped them up: https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09089 Cue: "the tools are so much better now", "the people in the study didn't know how to use Cursor", etc.…

      recitedropperView on HNParent context

  2. Baby Shoggoth Is Listening 1 comment
    • Unlike higher level programing languages AI doesn't actually make programmers more efficient (https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09089). Many people who are great programmers and love programing aren't interested in having their role reduced to being QA where they just review the bad…

      autoexecView on HNParent context

    • There's a few bits of information from the original sources that's left out: - The METR paper surveyed just 16 developers to arrive at their conclusion. Not sure how that got past review. [0] - The finding from the MIT report can also be viewed from a glass 5% full perspective…

      meander_waterView on HNParent context

    • "allowing AI actually increases completion time by 19%--AI tooling slowed developers down." https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09089

      _jsmhView on HNParent context

    • "Just start iterating in chunks alongside the LLM". For those types of tasks it probably takes the same amount of time to form the idea without AI as with AI, this is what Metr found in its study of developer productivity.…

      IanjitView on HNParent context

  3. How the AI Bubble Will Pop 1 comment
    • There's literally a study out the shows when developers think LLMs are making them 20% faster, it turned out to be making them 20% less productive: https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09089

      y0eswddlView on HNParent context

    • > Careful with the productivity claims, there's plenty of research showing that perspective is usually a distortion of some kind. I saw 1 study which suggested this.[1] Were there more? [1] https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09089

      pseudalopexView on HNParent context

    • The study you are alluding to is this one by METR (Model Evaluation & Threat Research): Measuring the Impact of Early-2025 AI on Experienced Open-Source Developer Productivity - https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09089 """ Before starting tasks, developers forecast that allowing AI will…

      dpflanView on HNParent context

  4. Nvidia buys $5B in Intel 1 comment
    • The study you referred to sounded super interesting, so I looked it up to read later. To save others a search, here is a blog post and the paper: https://metr.org/blog/2025-07-10-early-2025-ai-experienced-o... https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09089 Thanks for mentioning it.

      aix1View on HNParent context

  5. AI coding 2 comments
    • This is shown in figure 5 of the paper. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.09089

      net01View on HNParent context

    • > It’s why the world wasted $10B+ on self driving car companies that obviously made no sense. Obviously... in what way? I feel the anti-ai pattern is clear. Self-driving cars don't work in my city so the whole concept is a hoax. LLMs don't code my proprietary language so it's a…

      raincoleView on HNParent context

  6. About AI 1 comment
    • > There’s a strange disconnect in the industry. On one hand, GitHub claims that 20 million users are on Copilot, and Sundar Pichai says that over 25% of the code at Google is now written by AI. On the other hand, independent studies show that AI actually makes experienced…

      djoldmanView on HNParent context

    • There was a recent study concluding that AI made experienced developers 20% SLOWER to complete tasks rather than any faster ! https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09089 Obviously it depends on what you are using the AI to do, and how good a job you do of creating/providing all the context…

      HarHarVeryFunnyView on HNParent context

  7. The hype is the product 1 comment
    • The report is definitely worth reading although I don't think the data is strong enough to draw significant conclusions from. I personally think that this should be studied more in depth over a longer time period since the current study had a 50 hour threshold (not exactly but…

      EnnEmmEssView on HNParent context

  8. Two narratives about AI 1 comment
    • Yet when you look beyond boilerplate code generation, it's not all that LLMs increase experienced developers productivity (even when they believe that it does): https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09089 Edit: Hello downvoters, would love to know if you found any flawed argument, is this…

      almogView on HNParent context

    • So... Attack first? That what you're going with? DKE has been confirmed more than anything else. It was one of the few things not hit by the replication crisis. You're assessing how well you do, when aided or not, by a tool. That's still self assessment, I'm afraid. And that…

      shaknaView on HNParent context

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