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arXiv:2506.05987cs.MM

The JPEG XL Image Coding System: History, Features, Coding Tools, Design Rationale, and Future

Jon Sneyers, Jyrki Alakuijala, Luca Versari, Zoltán Szabadka, Sami Boukortt, Amnon Cohen-Tidhar, Moritz Firsching, Evgenii Kliuchnikov, Tal Lev-Ami, Eric Portis, Thomas Richter, Osamu Watanabe

Abstract

JPEG XL is a new image coding system offering state-of-the-art compression performance, lossless JPEG recompression, and advanced features. It aims to replace JPEG, PNG, GIF, and other formats with a single universal codec. This article provides an overview of JPEG XL, including its history, design rationale, coding tools, and future potential. It can be used as a companion document to the standard (ISO/IEC 18181), or as a standalone article to better understand JPEG XL, either at a high level or in considerable technical detail.

arXiv comments
73 pages, 62 figures
Journal reference
DOI
Subjects
cs.MMMultimedia

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Linked by 3 identifiable commenters in 4 comments across 4 threads, from Mar 2026 to Oct 2026. Found in 4 HN submissions from Jun 2025 to Jul 2025. Open submission discussions.

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Discussed in comments4 threads

  1. Shipping JPEG XL in Chrome 1 comment

    • Yeah. Here is a surprisingly readable article on all the supported features and design decisions of JPEG XL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.05987 The format is designed to be as general as possible, potentially replacing many common (JPEG, GIF, PNG) and professional image formats.…

      cubefoxView on HNParent context

  2. The case against JPEG XL 1 comment

    • Something is fishy here. The JPEG XL report [1] measured between 240-270 Megapixels/s on 6 cores using the C++ implementation (disclosure: I was responsible for its SIMD/threading), about twice as fast as the then-current libaom. Measuring on a single core is deeply misleading…

      janwasView on HNParent context

  3. Firefox 157 will include JPEG XL by default on all platforms 1 comment

    • JPEG XL is also "extra large" in the sense that it covers many features of more specialized image formats. They tried to come up with a pretty universal solution. > It supports wide colour gamut as well as high dynamic range and high bit depth images. JPEG XL further includes…

      cubefoxView on HNParent context

  4. JPEG Compression 1 comment

    • Both formats are DCT-based (except for lossless JPEG XL). JPEG 2000's use of the DWT was unusual; in general, still-image lossy compression research has spent the last 35 years iteratively improving on JPEG's design. This is partly for compatibility reasons, but it's also…

      fleabitdevView on HNParent context

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