Exploring OCR Capabilities of GPT-4V(ision) : A Quantitative and In-depth Evaluation

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) capabilities of the recently released GPT-4V(ision), a Large Multimodal Model (LMM). We assess the model's performance across a range of OCR tasks, including scene text recognition, handwritten text recognition, handwritten mathematical expression recognition, table structure recognition, and information extraction from visually-rich document. The evaluation reveals that GPT-4V performs well in recognizing and understanding Latin contents, but struggles with multilingual scenarios and complex tasks. Specifically, it showed limitations when dealing with non-Latin languages and complex tasks such as handwriting mathematical expression recognition, table structure recognition, and end-to-end semantic entity recognition and pair extraction from document image. Based on these observations, we affirm the necessity and continued research value of specialized OCR models. In general, despite its versatility in handling diverse OCR tasks, GPT-4V does not outperform existing state-of-the-art OCR models. How to fully utilize pre-trained general-purpose LMMs such as GPT-4V for OCR downstream tasks remains an open problem. The study offers a critical reference for future research in OCR with LMMs. Evaluation pipeline and results are available at https://github.com/SCUT-DLVCLab/GPT-4V_OCR.