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arXiv:1406.2661stat.ML

Generative Adversarial Networks

Ian J. Goodfellow, Jean Pouget-Abadie, Mehdi Mirza, Bing Xu, David Warde-Farley, Sherjil Ozair, Aaron Courville, Yoshua Bengio

Abstract

We propose a new framework for estimating generative models via an adversarial process, in which we simultaneously train two models: a generative model G that captures the data distribution, and a discriminative model D that estimates the probability that a sample came from the training data rather than G. The training procedure for G is to maximize the probability of D making a mistake. This framework corresponds to a minimax two-player game. In the space of arbitrary functions G and D, a unique solution exists, with G recovering the training data distribution and D equal to 1/2 everywhere. In the case where G and D are defined by multilayer perceptrons, the entire system can be trained with backpropagation. There is no need for any Markov chains or unrolled approximate inference networks during either training or generation of samples. Experiments demonstrate the potential of the framework through qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the generated samples.

arXiv comments
Journal reference
DOI
Subjects
stat.MLMachine Learning (Statistics) cs.LGMachine Learning

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Linked by 17 identifiable commenters in 22 comments across 21 threads, from Jun 2014 to Sep 2024. Found in 2 HN submissions from Nov 2016 to May 2023. Open submission discussions.

Comments linking this paper, per year.

Discussed in comments21 threads

    • It's quite remarkable how much the goal posts have shifted when it comes to what is impressive with AI/ML. Things like this are a good reminder. 10 years ago the GAN paper came out and everyone was excited how amazing the generated image quality was…

      ml_basicsView on HNParent context

    • Yes and no. The thing is that Mamba is not perfect. There's no neural architecture to rule them all, if you will. I think the bigger issue is that we more act like there is and get on bandwagons. Let me give a clearer example from the past so we can see. The predecessor to DDPM…

      godelskiView on HNParent context

    • > I'm disgusted, but not surprised, that teenage kids are generating CSAM like this. Even before we had diffusion models, we had GANs and deepfakes, which were almost immediately used for generating shittons of nonconsensual porn I think the big difference now is that 1) it's…

      godelskiView on HNParent context

  1. AI Canon 1 comment
    • This is a fine list, but it only covers a specific type of generative AI. Any set of resources about AI in general has to at least include the truly canonical Norvig & Russel textbook [1]. Probably also canonical are Goodfellow's Deep Learning [2], Koller & Friedman's PGMs [3]…

      lwnealView on HNParent context

    • I posted a list of papers on twitter, and will be posting a summary for each of them as well. here is the list https://twitter.com/vrungta/status/1623343807227105280 Unlocking the Secrets of AI: A Journey through the Foundational Papers by @vrungta (2023) 1. "Attention is All…

      vikashrungtaView on HNParent context

    • The arms race was first automated in 2014, when the GAN paper was published. That's what GANs do: half the network generates garbage, the other half identifies if it was garbage or real. https://arxiv.org/abs/1406.2661

      CGamesPlayView on HNParent context

  2. Ask HN: ML Papers to Implement 1 comment
    • A lot depends on what you're interested in. Some papers that are runnable on a laptop CPU (so long as you stick to small image sizes/tasks): 1) Generative Adversarial Networks (https://arxiv.org/abs/1406.2661). Good practice to have a custom training loops, different optimisers…

      phonebucketView on HNParent context

    • With regards to his claim that he described a GAN before Ian Goodfellow did, it certainly seems like that is the case. The problem is that, in his original Artificial Curiosity paper he talks so specifically about world-simulating reinforcement learning. He even uses the terms…

      somethingAlexView on HNParent context

  3. AI vs. AI 1 comment
    • This article talks about technologies used to produce human-like text, and "deep-fake" video and audio. The article argues that such generative AI can be used by criminals to commit fraud- but at the same time, AI can also be used on the other side to detect and prevent fraud!…

      lwnealView on HNParent context

    • The work of Art is the act of putting it up for auction on Christie's. That's what makes it a conceptual piece that is being discussed. People often mistake art for a form of labor production. They expect that labor has to have been performed to create value. But that all…

      crucialfelixView on HNParent context

    • > but isn't that the whole point of GANs? not quite, but youre on the right path. think about it this way: you (the generative model) are trying to predict a unit gaussian, which is just a fancy way to say bell curve. you get +1 if you predict a number in this distribution (eg…

      vinn124View on HNParent context

    • This is likely part of how the speech-generating NNs are trained (ie. there's a generated-speech-detector and the network is trained to fool it, while it is also trained): https://arxiv.org/abs/1406.2661

      robrykView on HNParent context

    • So this is to counter stuff like GAN's (generative adversarial networks) [1] to reverse engineer data out of a black box systems? Like Yahoo's NSFW [2] classifier for example. [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_adversarial_network... [1] https://arxiv.org/abs/1406.2661…

      itchyjunkView on HNParent context

    • My understanding is that the use of game theory in this context has nothing to do with the domain in which the network is being trained. It's not about creating game playing AI's—it's about a 'game' between two neural networks, one who competes by getting better at classifying…

      westoncbView on HNParent context

    • So is [1], for example, misleading? [1] https://arxiv.org/abs/1406.2661

      westoncbView on HNParent context

    • your idea is called adversarial networks, and it works quite well (http://arxiv.org/abs/1406.2661) although it's not useful every time.

      m0gView on HNParent context

    • An overlapping group of authors (compared with the ones that wrote the "intriguing properties" paper) recently published a neat preprint on using adversarial networks as part of the training process. The goals of the paper are different from the networks discussed here, but I…

      thisisdaveView on HNParent context

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