arXiv:1007.3650quant-ph
Memory cost of quantum contextuality
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Abstract
The simulation of quantum effects requires certain classical resources, and quantifying them is an important step in order to characterize the difference between quantum and classical physics. For a simulation of the phenomenon of state-independent quantum contextuality, we show that the minimal amount of memory used by the simulation is the critical resource. We derive optimal simulation strategies for important cases and prove that reproducing the results of sequential measurements on a two-qubit system requires more memory than the information carrying capacity of the system.
Skimmed the PDF, it seems like the point of this paper is just to show that yes, classical systems can (with memory, e.g. the reference https://arxiv.org/abs/1007.3650) simulate quantum ones, and thus finding "characteristic quantum numbers" shouldn't make one immediately…
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